German grammar · A1 – beginner · Day 3

Noun gender & articles (der, die, das / ein, eine)

Genus und Artikel – Every noun is masculine, feminine or neuter

Every German noun has a grammatical gender: masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das). The gender is often not logical – so always learn a noun with its article: not “Tisch” but “der Tisch”.

masculinefeminineneuterplural
definite (“the”)der Tischdie Lampedas Buchdie Bücher
indefinite (“a”)ein Tischeine Lampeein Buch– Bücher
negative (“no”)kein Tischkeine Lampekein Buchkeine Bücher
pronounersieessie
There is no “a” in the plural: Das sind Bücher. = These are books.

Pronouns follow the grammar, not the meaning

A table is “he” in German, a lamp is “she”:

Wo ist der Tisch? – Er ist da.Where is the table? – It (“he”) is there.
Die Lampe ist neu. Sie ist schön.The lamp is new. It (“she”) is beautiful.
Das Buch? Es ist interessant.The book? It is interesting.

Gender clues (they work most of the time)

GenderEndings & groupsExamples
die-ung, -heit, -keit, -schaft, -ion, -tät, -ik, -ur, -ei, -ie, -in (female person); most nouns in -edie Zeitung, die Freiheit, die Information, die Universität, die Musik, die Bäckerei, die Lehrerin, die Lampe
der-er (person/tool), -ling, -ismus, -or, -ig; days, months, seasons, weather, directions; male personsder Lehrer, der Computer, der Frühling, der Motor, der Montag, der Mai, der Sommer, der Regen, der Norden
das-chen, -lein (always!), -um, -ment, -o; verbs used as nouns; young beingsdas Mädchen, das Brötchen, das Museum, das Dokument, das Auto, das Kino, das Essen, das Kind, das Baby
das Mädchen (the girl) is neuter because of -chen. Grammar beats logic!

Compound nouns

German glues nouns together. The last noun decides the gender:

das Haus + die Tür = die Haustürfront door
die Tür + der Schlüssel = der Türschlüsseldoor key
Colour-learning works: imagine all der words as blue, die words as red and das words as green – just like in the vocabulary cards.

More A1 grammar

Personal pronouns & the verb “sein” (to be)

ich bin, du bist, er/sie/es ist, wir sind, ihr seid, sie/Sie sind

du, ihr or Sie? Greetings & introductions

informal du/ihr vs formal Sie; Hallo, Guten Tag, Tschüss …

Present tense of regular verbs

stem + -e, -st, -t, -en, -t, -en

Word order: verb in position 2 & questions

The conjugated verb is always the 2nd element in a statement

Numbers 0 – 1,000,000

eins, zwei … einundzwanzig – units before tens!

Plural of nouns

Five plural patterns; the plural article is always “die”

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